Hi,
I've been a professional photographer since 1980 and I started in darkroom photography shooting film and developing images myself back in the 1970's. I have some strong opinions regarding cameras and software, but they don't revolve around one brand or another.
With out a doubt you should consider software such as Adobe Lightroom, Apple Aperture, or perhaps Capture One or DXO Optics Pro. None of the software that comes from the major camera companies is quite as robust as offerings from these software-specific providers.
That is assuming you have purchased a camera that shoots in "raw" mode. What that means is the camera can record an image that can be saved to memory card without conversion to JPEG or TIFF. Point and shoot cameras usually save a JPEG image which is not suitable for further manipulation. I can't emphasize enough the importance of having the opportunity to make the photographic choices yourself.
You should examine cameras from Nikon, Canon, Sony, Panasonic, Pentax, Fuji, and the like, and see which ones fit your budget and seem the most intuitive to you.
No one manufacture has a lock on image quality or features. Also, there is a direct correlation between cost and performance. Just as importantly, lens quality makes a huge difference. So called "kit" lenses, the ones offered on discount specials, usually perform more poorly than manufacturers top-of-the-line lenses.
And the most important part of the photographic equation is you. No camera can take the picture. That is up to you. The amount of engagement you bring to the photographic process determines the final result. If you aren't willing to lug a heavy camera with a good lens around and lift it to your eye when you see something that speaks to you, then you won't take a picture worth remembering.
You can use any computer you like to accomplish these tasks, but the more hard drive space, the faster processor speeds, and better monitor you have, the more enjoyable the experience will be for you.
Camera megapixel size is a moving target. Bigger can be better, but not always. Try and find a camera that meets your budget requirements that is 12 megapixels or more. You will be able to print larger images with higher quality at 12 megapixels or higher. There are other parameters such as full frame or "APC" sensor size that come into play, but the other factors I've talked about are more important.
Good Luck!
bjammin