My first attempt was last October in 2007 on the 6th. I don't know what the averages are, but on that weekend it was cold and stormy.
At 3am at Portal it was in the low 20's. By the time we reached Outpost Camp it was around 10 degrees. Even with an insulation sleve the valve and tube on my water bladder was freezing solid. Keeping the valve in my armpit solved that eventually. I was picking ice out of my beard the whole way up to Trailcamp. At 9am it was still only in the 20's at Trailcamp. By this time I was exhausted and cold, I couldn't sit to rest because I would start to shiver and shake. I turned around at this point, but my friend I was with went on to summit, he used crampons most of the way up the switchbacks and a good portion of the way from Trailcrest to Summit.
I tried again this July and summited no problem, now I was 40 pounds lighter and in a good deal better physical shape, but I know the cold really sucked a lot of energy out.
The day before we went it snowed from Outpost up with 30-50mpoh winds. So if you go in October keep a close eye on the weather reports.
I am sure people could post trip reports where it was 50 an beautiful with no snow on the trail.
One thing to consider if you are hiking then, it boots, I had three season boots that were just not warm enough even with good socks.
Have fun! I am super glad I tried that time in Oct. even though I did not summit, it was a great learning experience.
Dean